DĂșn suas an tsĂleĂĄil uachtarach, cuid 10
I sraith alt a foilsĂodh i "Wojsko i Technika Historia" in 2018 faoin teideal ginearĂĄlta "DĂșn an uasteorainn ...", beagnach gach ĂĄbhar a bhaineann go dĂreach le airtlĂ©ire frith-aerĂĄrthach meĂĄnmhĂ©ide agus mĂłr na Polainne, chomh maith le cĂ© chomh gaolmhar. plĂ©adh trealamh tacaĂochta dĂłiteĂĄin. D'Ă©irigh le FĂłrsaĂ Armtha na Polainne, atĂĄ glactha ag clĂĄr uaillmhianach nuachĂłirithe, dul chun cinn agus laghdĂș a dhĂ©anamh a raibh tionchar dĂreach acu ar a gcruth le linn na sĂochĂĄna agus ar a n-Ă©ifeachtacht chomhrac i gcoinbhleacht armtha. San alt a chrĂochnaĂonn an timthriall thuas, cuireann an t-Ășdar na gnĂ©ithe deiridh de chĂłras aerchosanta nua-aimseartha an Dara Poblacht na Polainne i lĂĄthair, a cruthaĂodh Ăłn tĂșs, agus dĂ©anann sĂ© achoimre ar na hiarrachtaĂ go lĂ©ir a rinneadh i 1935-1939.
Ag cruinniĂș den tSeirbhĂs Leasa NĂĄisiĂșnta ar 17 Nollaig, 1936, rinneadh plĂ© arĂs ar cheist aerchosaint an rĂ©igiĂșin intĂre (OPL OK), a plĂ©adh roimhe seo an 7 Feabhra agus an 31 IĂșil den bhliain chĂ©anna. Le linn an phlĂ©, rinneadh tagairt arĂs ar an ĂĄbhar cosanta in aghaidh bagairtĂ Ăł aer na bhfoirmĂochtaĂ, go hĂĄirithe rannĂĄin coisithe. De rĂ©ir na rĂomhanna a d'fhaomh an KSUS roimhe seo, bhĂothas ag ceapadh go mbeadh 4 bhuĂon de 40-mm 2 gunnaĂ an ceann ag gach DP. Rinneadh moladh suimiĂșil anseo gur chĂłir go mbeadh cadhnra ar leith de ghunnaĂ soghluaiste 40 mm ar a laghad ag rannĂĄn chomh maith le haghaidh dĂłthain dĂłiteĂĄin ag meĂĄnairde agus ag achair nĂos faide nĂĄ an raon Ă©ifeachtach gunnaĂ 75 mm. Ba chosĂșil go raibh an postulate ceart, mar ar an mbealach seo bhĂ sĂ© ceaptha chun gnĂomhĂș in aghaidh nĂ amhĂĄin aerĂĄrthach buamadĂłir, ach freisin taiscĂ©alaĂochta airtlĂ©ire, rud a d'fhĂĄg nach lĂș trioblĂłide do na haonaid ghnĂomhacha.
De rĂ©ir mĂleata na Polainne, d'oibrigh feithiclĂ taiscĂ©alaĂochta ag meĂĄnairde de thart ar 2000 m agus bhĂ siad laistigh de raon gunnaĂ 40-mm (ba Ă© raon teoiriciĂșil an ghunna seo 3 km). Is Ă an fhadhb atĂĄ ann nĂĄ go ndearnadh an breathnĂłireacht Ăłn airde thuasluaite ar fad 4-6 km Ăł shuĂomhanna an namhaid. BhĂ an t-achar seo i bhfad nĂos faide nĂĄ wz. 36. Ar mhaithe le hoibriĂș Ă©ifeachtach, b'Ă©igean a phointe breathnĂłireachta agus tuairiscithe fĂ©in a bheith ag ceannasaĂ ceallraĂ gunnaĂ meĂĄnairde mar phointe chun sonraĂ a bhailiĂș ar ghluaiseachtaĂ reatha aerfhĂłrsa an namhad, ar a laghad mar chuid den ghnĂomhaĂocht a shanntar dĂł. dĂł a chlĂșdach cuid mhĂłr. Ba Ă© an prĂomhghnĂ© anseo nĂĄ teicnĂocht a chuaigh thar an gcreat clasaiceach de lĂĄmhach dĂreach breathnadĂłireachta agus a cheadaigh lĂĄmhaigh le cluas (feistĂ fuaimiĂșla). Mar sin thĂĄinig an chonclĂșid gur cheart go mbainfeadh oiliĂșnaithe ĂșsĂĄid as cadhnraĂ uathrialacha, cĂ© nĂĄr cuireadh obair eagraĂochta aerchosanta san oĂche san ĂĄireamh ag an leibhĂ©al seo (easpa radharcanna cuĂ, frithchaiteoirĂ, etc.).
Ar an drochuair, nĂor cheart go ndĂ©anfaĂ neartĂș ar chlĂșdach gnĂomhach an aerspĂĄis thar an MF ach amhĂĄin ag an trĂĂș cĂ©im dheireanach den chlĂĄr leathnaithe. BhĂ an chĂ©ad cheann dĂrithe ar aonaid mhĂłra oirbheartaĂochta a threalmhĂș le trealamh 40-mm, agus bhĂ an dara ceann ina chĂ©im chun lĂon na gunnaĂ i gcadhnraĂ a athlĂĄnĂș suas le 6 nĂł 8 pĂosa. Is Ă© an trĂĂș cĂ©im nĂĄ cĂłrais aerchosanta a sholĂĄthar le caliber 75 mm nĂł nĂos mĂł don arm, chuig cĂșlchiste SZ agus ag an gcĂ©im dheireanach den DP. Agus an trĂĂș cĂ©im ĂĄ choincrĂ©itiĂș, ba shaintrĂ©ith Ă© freisin ag ordlathas ĂĄirithe tascanna:
- ullmhĂșchĂĄn dâaerchosaint VĂĄrsĂĄ agus tĂșs a chur leis an obair ar eagrĂș aerchosaint na n-ĂĄbhar tĂĄbhachtach eile a lĂ©irĂtear thĂos;
- foirmĂochtaĂ mĂłra den leibhĂ©al oibriĂșchĂĄin a fheistiĂș le hairtlĂ©ire frith-aerĂĄrthach agus cĂșlchiste SZ a chruthĂș;
- an chuid eile den tĂr a ullmhĂș don aerchosaint;
- aonaid mhĂłra oirbheartaĂochta a fheistiĂș le hairm bhreise frith-aerĂĄrthach 75-mm.
Ba chĂłir a mheabhrĂș, ag deireadh na bliana 1936, i bhfad sular tugadh isteach an plean slĂłgtha "Z", bhĂ nasc leis an 33Ăș rannĂĄn raidhfil, agus mar sin bhĂ an gĂĄ measta mar seo a leanas: 264 gunnaĂ 40-mm don DP, 78 40 gunnaĂ 13-mm le haghaidh BC, 132 gunnaĂ 75-mm le haghaidh DP. NĂor cuireadh aonaid mhĂłtair (RM) san ĂĄireamh sna rĂomhanna, cĂ© gur fhan an mĂ©adĂș oscailte.
Uimhreacha BC suas go dtĂ 15.
Nach lĂș suimiĂșil a bhĂ an scĂ©al ag leibhĂ©al an mar a thugtar air. aonad oibrĂochta mĂłr, i.e. grĂșpa oibrĂochta nĂł arm ar leith, arbh Ă© 7 an lĂon a socraĂodh i gcĂĄs H nĂł R ar dtĂșs. comhdhĂ©anamh gach ceann acu a bhĂ mar seo a leanas: 1 cadhnraĂ 3 -mm gunnaĂ - 12 gunnaĂ, 3 searchlight cuideachta 75 cm - 4 stĂĄisiĂșn, 1 ceallraĂ gunnaĂ 150-mm - 12 gunnaĂ (1 platĂșn). 40 gunna 6 mm san iomlĂĄn, 3 solas cuardaigh 144 cm, 75 gunna 144 mm agus 150 meaisĂnghunna trom. Mar sin fĂ©in, tĂĄ an chuid is mĂł de na nuĂĄlaĂochtaĂ le feiceĂĄil ag leibhĂ©al an OK NW agus VL, agus tĂĄ gach ceann acu roinnte i dtreoracha thoir agus thiar, ag cur bĂ©ime ar thrĂ phrĂomhrĂ©imse d'oibrĂochtaĂ eitlĂochta namhaid (TĂĄbla 72). Ba cheart go mbeadh 40 scuadrĂșn airtlĂ©ire frith-aerĂĄrthach trom ag an bprĂomhcheannasaĂ, i gcĂĄs N nĂł R, agus is Ă© an prĂomhchĂșram atĂĄ air nĂĄ lĂĄrionaid rialĂĄla atĂĄ suite i dtreonna contĂșirteacha a chosaint. BhĂ 144 chadhnra de ghunnaĂ 1-5 mm (3 ghunna) le bheith i ngach lĂne chĂșltaca Ăł thuaidh, 90 chuideachta de chuardaigh 105 cm agus 12 cadhnra de ghunnaĂ 1 mm (150 ghunna).
IomlĂĄn: 60 gunna 90-105mm, 60 soilse cuardaigh 150cm, 30 40mm agus 60 gunna meaisĂn trom. Ar deireadh, an rĂ©igiĂșn istigh, a bhĂ go hiomlĂĄn laistigh de teacht ar aerĂĄrthach namhaid, lena n-ĂĄirĂtear 10 mar a thugtar air. rĂ©igiĂșin agus 5 lĂĄrionad uirbeach dian. ĂirĂodh an dara ceann sa phlean go prĂomha ar chostas ionaid chumarsĂĄide agus ionaid rĂthĂĄbhachtacha an stĂĄit, a bhĂ ceaptha go mbeadh cosaint Ăosta acu i gcoinne bagairtĂ Ăłn aer. Agus riachtanais intĂre ĂĄ gcur san ĂĄireamh, bhĂ sĂ© ceaptha dhĂĄ chineĂĄl aonad a chruthĂș: grĂșpaĂ Ă©adroma i bhfoirm scuadrĂșn de ghunnaĂ leathstĂĄis nĂł soghluaiste 75-mm - 3 cadhnraĂ, 1 chuideachta searchlight - 12 post, 1 ceallraĂ de 40-. mm gunnaĂ agus 6 arm; grĂșpaĂ fadraoin den chomhdhĂ©anamh cĂ©anna, ach ba chĂłir gunnaĂ frith-aerĂĄrthach 90-105-mm a chur in ionad gunnaĂ 75-mm.
San iomlĂĄn, ba Ă© an ghnĂ© dheireanach de scĂĄth frith-aerĂĄrthach an Dara Comhlathais nĂĄ 336 gunna 75-mm, 48 90-105-mm gunnaĂ mĂłra, 300/384 soilse cuardaigh 150-cm agus 384 gunna meaisĂn trom. San iomlĂĄn, ba Ă© cur i bhfeidhm an togra iomlĂĄin don "EagraĂocht Nua AirtlĂ©ire Frith-AerĂĄrthaĂ" nĂĄ 1356 gunna frith-aerĂĄrthach WP, 504/588 lorgshoilse frith-aerĂĄrthach agus 654 meaisĂnghunna trom a mhealladh chun suĂomhanna lĂĄmhaigh cadhnraĂ a chosaint ag a. airde. airde suas go dtĂ 800 m. chun cuid den ghunna meaisĂn trom 20 mm NKM a athsholĂĄthar. Is cinnte go raibh na luachanna atĂĄ san alt go hiontach, agus ba cheart go mbeadh blianta na cĂ©ime tosaigh de chur i bhfeidhm na heagraĂochta sĂochĂĄna nua, a ainmnĂodh don trĂ©imhse 1937-1938 ar a laghad, caite ar threalamh 40 mm ag teacht isteach a fhĂĄil agus a luathĂș. oiliĂșint pearsanra.