Ola, breosla, scagairĂ aeir - cathain agus conas iad a athrĂș? TreoraĂ
NĂ mĂłr scagairĂ gluaisteĂĄn a athrĂș go rialta chun damĂĄiste tromchĂșiseach a chosc. SeiceĂĄil cathain agus conas Ă© a dhĂ©anamh.
Go dtĂ seo, nĂl aon fhadhbanna ann leis an scagaire ola a athrĂș - tar Ă©is an tsaoil, dĂ©anaimid Ă© a athrĂș in Ă©ineacht le hola inneall agus de ghnĂĄth Ă© a dhĂ©anamh go rialta, i gcĂĄs scagaire breosla nĂł aer, is gnĂĄch linn cuimhneamh orthu nuair a tharlaĂonn rud Ă©igin sa charr.
D'iarramar ar Dariusz Nalevaiko, ceannaire an ionaid seirbhĂse Renault i Bialystok, ar le Motozbyt, cathain agus cĂ©n fĂĄth a bhfuil sĂ© riachtanach scagairĂ a athrĂș i gcarr.
Scagaire ola inneall
Is Ă© cuspĂłir an scagaire seo laghdĂș a dhĂ©anamh ar an mĂ©id ĂĄbhar salaithe a thĂ©ann isteach san inneall chomh maith leis an aer iontĂłgĂĄil agus an ola a ghlanadh. Is fiĂș a chur leis nach nglacann an scagaire aeir na truailleĂĄin go lĂ©ir Ăłn atmaisfĂ©ar faoi 100 faoin gcĂ©ad. Mar sin, tĂ©ann siad isteach san inneall, agus ba chĂłir don scagaire ola stop a chur leo. TĂĄ sĂ© nĂos Ăogaire nĂĄ scagaire aeir.
Braitheann an rogha scagaire ola le haghaidh inneall ar leith ag an monarĂłir, i measc rudaĂ eile, ar dhearadh an aonaid chumhachta. LĂ©irĂonn monarĂłirĂ scagaire ina gcatalĂłga cĂ© na hinnill a bhfuil siad oiriĂșnach dĂłibh. Ba chĂłir a mheabhrĂș nach rĂĄthaĂonn ach scagairĂ bunaidh nĂł cuideachtaĂ iontaofa ĂșsĂĄid shĂĄbhĂĄilte.
De ghnĂĄth cuirtear an scagaire ola in ionad an gasket breiseĂĄn ola agus draein. DĂ©antar an t-eatramh athsholĂĄthair a chinneadh ag caighdeĂĄin an mhonarĂłra. Braitheann sĂ© freisin ar an gcaoi a n-ĂșsĂĄidtear an fheithicil agus ar an gcaoi a n-ĂșsĂĄidtear Ă. De ghnĂĄth athraĂonn muid le hola gach bliain nĂł tar Ă©is rith 10-20 mĂle. km.
CosnaĂonn an eilimint seo Ăł dhosaen go dtĂ roinnt deich zlotys, agus cosnaĂonn athsholĂĄthar, mar shampla, in ionad seirbhĂse Ășdaraithe, ar charr beag thart ar 300 zlotys chomh maith le hola.
Scagaire breosla
Is Ă© an tasc atĂĄ aige nĂĄ an breosla a ghlanadh. Is fiĂș a fhios go bhfuil Ă©illiĂș breosla de ghnĂĄth nĂos contĂșirtĂ d'innill dĂosail nĂĄ d'innill gĂĄsailĂn. TĂĄ sĂ© seo mar gheall ar rĂ©itigh dearaidh - go prĂomha mar gheall ar ĂșsĂĄid trealaimh insteallta ardbhrĂș i suiteĂĄlacha ardbhrĂș.
Go minic, nĂ ĂșsĂĄidtear ach scagairĂ cosanta mogaill agus scagairĂ lĂneacha pĂĄipĂ©ir bheaga i gcĂłrais chumhachta le haghaidh innill sprĂ©ach-adhainte.
Is gnĂĄch go mbĂonn an prĂomhlĂonra scagaire suiteĂĄilte san inneall idir an caidĂ©al teanndĂĄileog agus na instealltaĂ. TĂĄ sĂ© trĂ©ithrithe ag friotaĂocht caitheamh sĂĄch ard. DĂ©anaimid ionad tar Ă©is 15 reĂĄchtĂĄil. km suas go dtĂ 50 km - ag brath ar an monarĂłir. Braitheann cruinneas glanadh breosla ar an gcineĂĄl pĂĄipĂ©ir a ĂșsĂĄidtear.
Raonta an costas a bhaineann le ceannach scagaire breosla Ăł cĂșpla go roinnt deich zlotys. De ghnĂĄth nĂ bhĂonn sĂ© deacair Ă© a athsholĂĄthar, mar sin is fĂ©idir linn fĂ©in a dhĂ©anamh. Tabhair aird ar leith ar threo sreabhadh an bhreosla, atĂĄ marcĂĄilte le saigheada ar na scagairĂ.
FĂ©ach freisin:
ScagairĂ a athsholĂĄthar i gcarr - grianghraf
AthrĂș ar an ola in inneall gluaisteĂĄn - treoir
Am - athsholĂĄthar, tiomĂĄint crios agus slabhra. TreoraĂ
Carr a ullmhĂș don gheimhreadh: cad atĂĄ le seiceĂĄil, cad atĂĄ le hathsholĂĄthar (PHOTO)
Scagaire aeir
CosnaĂonn an scagaire aer an t-inneall Ăł shalachar ag dul isteach san inneall.
âTĂĄ an-Ă©ileamh ar scagairĂ aeir nua-aimseartha i dtiomĂĄntĂĄin chumhachtacha,â a deir Dariusz Nalevaiko. â Is rĂ©amhriachtanas Ă© an t-aer a ghlanadh go crĂochnĂșil sula dtĂ©ann sĂ© isteach sna seomraĂ dĂłchĂĄin chun an t-inneall a oibriĂș i gceart agus chun na pĂĄirteanna oibre a bheith ard marthanacht.
Is fachtĂłir tĂĄbhachtach Ă© aer i dĂł breosla in inneall. FĂric Spraoi: 1000 cc inneall ceithre bhuille. cm i nĂłimĂ©ad amhĂĄin - ag 7000 rpm. - sucks i mbeagnach dhĂĄ mhĂle go leith lĂtear aer. Ar feadh uair an chloig d'obair leanĂșnach, cosnaĂonn sĂ© seo beagnach cĂșig mhĂle dĂ©ag lĂtear!
TĂĄ sĂ© seo go leor, ach tĂĄ tĂĄbhacht ar leith ag baint leis na huimhreacha seo nuair a thosaĂonn muid ag cur spĂ©ise san aer fĂ©in. FiĂș san aer glan mar a thugtar air tĂĄ thart ar 1 mg deannaigh in aghaidh 1 mĂ©adar ciĂșbach ar an meĂĄn.
Glactar leis go sucks an t-inneall i meĂĄn de thart ar 20 g deannaigh in aghaidh an 1000 cilimĂ©adar tiomĂĄinte. Coinnigh deannach amach Ăłn taobh istigh den aonad tiomĂĄna, toisc go bhfĂ©adfaidh sĂ© seo damĂĄiste a dhĂ©anamh do dhromchlaĂ na sorcĂłirĂ, na loine agus na fĂĄinnĂ loine, rud a ghiorrĂș saol an innill.
FĂ©ach freisin: Turbo sa charr - nĂos mĂł cumhachta, ach nĂos mĂł trioblĂłide. TreoraĂ
BĂ cĂșramach agus beacht agus tĂș ag athrĂș an scagaire aeir. Caithfidh tĂș a bheith cĂșramach nach dtĂ©ann a bhfuil ann, fiĂș an chuid is lĂș, isteach san inneall. Is gnĂĄch go mbĂonn costas scagaire aeir le hathsholĂĄthar ag stĂĄisiĂșn seirbhĂse Ășdaraithe thart ar PLN 100. Ba cheart go seasfadh an scagaire aeir go teoiriciĂșil Ăł iniĂșchadh go cigireacht, i.e. 15-20 mĂle. km de rith. Go praiticiĂșil, is fiĂș a sheiceĂĄil conas a bhreathnaĂonn sĂ© tar Ă©is tiomĂĄint roinnt mĂlte.
FĂ©ach freisin: ScagairĂ aeir spĂłirt - cathain chun infheistĂocht a dhĂ©anamh?
Scagaire cĂĄbĂĄin
Is Ă© prĂomhchĂșram an scagaire seo an t-aer a instealladh isteach sa charr a ghlanadh. GaistĂ sĂ© an chuid is mĂł de na pailin, spĂłir fungais, deannaigh, deatach, cĂĄithnĂnĂ asfalt, cĂĄithnĂnĂ rubair Ăł bhoinn scrĂobach, Grianchloch agus ĂĄbhar salaithe aerbheirthe eile a bhailĂtear thar an mbĂłthar.
Ba cheart scagairĂ cĂĄbĂĄin a athsholĂĄthar uair sa bhliain ar a laghad nĂł tar Ă©is 15 cilimĂ©adar a thiomĂĄint. cilimĂ©adar. Ar an drochuair, dĂ©anann go leor tiomĂĄnaithe dearmad faoi seo, agus is fĂ©idir le dul isteach ĂĄbhar salaithe isteach sa charr tionchar diĂșltach a imirt ar an tiomĂĄnaĂ agus ar na paisinĂ©irĂ.
Is iad na comharthaĂ deiridh le haghaidh athsholĂĄthar scagaire:
- galĂș fuinneoga,
â laghdĂș suntasach ar an mĂ©id aeir a shĂ©ideann an gaothrĂĄn,
- boladh mĂthaitneamhach sa chĂĄbĂĄn, a thagann Ăł bhaictĂ©ir a mhĂ©adaĂonn sa scagaire.
NĂ hamhĂĄin go gcabhraĂonn scagairĂ cĂĄbĂĄin le daoine a bhfuil aillĂ©irgĂ, aillĂ©irgĂ nĂł asma orthu. A bhuĂochas leo, feabhsaĂonn follĂĄine an tiomĂĄnaĂ agus na bpaisinĂ©irĂ, agus nĂ hamhĂĄin go n-Ă©ireoidh an turas nĂos sĂĄbhĂĄilte, ach freisin nĂos lĂș strus. Tar Ă©is an tsaoil, inĂĄr seasamh i bplĂłdĂș trĂĄchta, tĂĄimid faoi lĂ© an ionanĂĄlĂș substaintĂ dĂobhĂĄlacha, a bhfuil an tiĂșchan sa charr suas le sĂ© huaire nĂos airde nĂĄ ar thaobh an bhĂłthair.
Cuireann cĂĄilĂocht na n-ĂĄbhar a ĂșsĂĄidtear agus cruinneas na ceardaĂochta isteach ar Ă©ifeachtĂșlacht agus marthanacht an scagaire aeir cĂĄbĂĄin. NĂor cheart cartĂșis phĂĄipĂ©ir a ĂșsĂĄid i scagairĂ aeir cĂĄbĂĄin toisc go mbĂonn siad i bhfad nĂos lĂș Ă©ifeachtaĂ maidir le truailleĂĄin a ionsĂș agus nĂ bhĂonn siad chomh crĂochnĂșil le scagadh nuair a bhĂonn siad fliuch.
FĂ©ach freisin: ĂilĂonn aerchĂłiriĂș freisin cothabhĂĄil san fhĂłmhar agus sa gheimhreadh. TreoraĂ
ScagairĂ cĂĄbĂĄin le carbĂłn gnĂomhachtaithe
D'fhonn do shlĂĄinte fĂ©in a chosaint, is fiĂș scagaire cĂĄbĂĄin carbĂłin gnĂomhachtaithe a ĂșsĂĄid. TĂĄ an mĂ©id cĂ©anna aige le gnĂĄthscagaire agus cuireann sĂ© gaistĂ breise ar ghĂĄis dhochracha. D'fhonn scagaire cĂĄbĂĄin charbĂłin gnĂomhachtaithe 100 faoin gcĂ©ad de shubstaintĂ gĂĄsacha dĂobhĂĄlacha mar ĂłzĂłin, comhdhĂșile sulfair agus comhdhĂșile nĂtrigine a ghabhĂĄil Ăł ghĂĄis sceite, caithfidh sĂ© carbĂłn gnĂomhachtaithe ar ardchaighdeĂĄn a bheith ann.
CuidĂonn scagaire Ă©ifeachtach an baol a bhaineann le frithghnĂomhartha aillĂ©irgeacha a laghdĂș i seicnĂ mĂșcasacha na srĂłn agus na sĂșl, na srĂłn runny nĂł greannĂș riosprĂĄide - galair a bhfuil tionchar nĂos mĂł acu ar dhaoine a chaitheann go leor ama taobh thiar den roth.
I bprionsabal, tĂĄ sĂ© dodhĂ©anta a chinneadh an t-am nuair a bheidh an scagaire a bheith clogged go hiomlĂĄn. Braitheann saol na seirbhĂse ar an mĂ©id truailleĂĄn san aer.
âBa chĂłir a rĂĄ nach fĂ©idir an scagaire seo a ghlanadh go hĂ©ifeachtach,â a mhĂnĂonn Dariusz Nalevaiko. - DĂĄ bhrĂ sin, nĂ mĂłr an scagaire cĂĄbĂĄin a athrĂș gach 15. km de rith, le linn iniĂșchta sceidealta nĂł ar a laghad uair sa bhliain.
Praghsanna do scagairĂ cĂĄbĂĄin raon Ăł PLN 70-80. Is fĂ©idir an malartĂș a dhĂ©anamh go neamhspleĂĄch.
FĂ©ach freisin: Carr LPG - oibrĂocht gheimhridh
Scagaire cĂĄithnĂneach
TĂĄ an Scagaire CĂĄithnĂneach DĂosail (DPF nĂł FAP go gearr) suiteĂĄilte i gcĂłrais sceite na n-innill dĂosail. Baineann sĂ© cĂĄithnĂnĂ sĂșiche as gĂĄis sceite. Le tabhairt isteach na scagairĂ DPF bhĂothas in ann deireadh a chur le hastĂș deataigh dhubh, rud atĂĄ tipiciĂșil do ghluaisteĂĄin nĂos sine le hinnill dĂosail.
TĂĄ Ă©ifeachtacht scagaire a fheidhmĂonn i gceart idir 85 agus 100 faoin gcĂ©ad, rud a chiallaĂonn nach dtĂ©ann nĂos mĂł nĂĄ 15 faoin gcĂ©ad isteach san atmaisfĂ©ar. truailliĂș.
FĂ©ach freisin: Inneall dĂosail nua-aimseartha - an bhfuil sĂ© indĂ©anta agus conas an scagaire DPF a bhaint as. TreoraĂ
Is cĂșis le cĂĄithnĂnĂ sĂșiche atĂĄ ag carnadh sa scagaire go dtagann sĂ© de rĂ©ir a chĂ©ile agus caillfidh siad Ă©ifeachtĂșlacht. ĂsĂĄideann roinnt feithiclĂ scagairĂ indiĂșscartha ar gĂĄ iad a athsholĂĄthar de rĂ©ir mar a lĂonadh an scagaire. Is Ă© rĂ©iteach nĂos forbartha nĂĄ fĂ©inghlanadh an scagaire, atĂĄ comhdhĂ©anta de dhĂł catalaĂoch sĂșiche tar Ă©is don scagaire teocht ard go leor a bhaint amach.
ĂsĂĄidtear cĂłrais ghnĂomhacha chun sĂșiche atĂĄ carntha sa scagaire a dhĂł freisin - mar shampla, athrĂș trĂ©imhsiĂșil ar mhodh oibriĂșchĂĄin an innill. Bealach eile chun an scagaire a athnuachan go gnĂomhach nĂĄ Ă© a thĂ©amh go trĂ©imhsiĂșil le lasair bhreise den mheascĂĄn a instealladh isteach sa scagaire, agus mar thoradh air sin dĂłitear sĂșiche.
Is Ă© an meĂĄn-shaolrĂ© scagaire thart ar 160 mĂle. cilimĂ©adar de rith. Is Ă© an costas athghiniĂșna ar an suĂomh nĂĄ PLN 300-500.
AthsholĂĄthar scagaire agus praghsanna - ASO / seirbhĂs neamhspleĂĄch:
* scagaire ola - PLN 30-45, saothair - PLN 36/30 (lena n-ĂĄirĂtear athrĂș ola), athrĂș - gach 10-20 km nĂł gach bliain;
* scagaire breosla (gluaisteĂĄn le hinneall peitril) - PLN 50-120, saothair - PLN 36/30, athsholĂĄthair - gach 15-50. km;
* scagaire cĂĄbĂĄin - PLN 70-80, obair - PLN 36/30, athsholĂĄthair - gach bliain nĂł gach 15. km;
* aer scagaire - PLN 60-70, saothair - PLN 24/15, athsholåthair - uasmhéid gach 20. km;
* scagaire cĂĄithnĂneach dĂosail - PLN 4, obair PLN 500, athsholĂĄthair - ar an meĂĄn gach 160. km (i gcĂĄs an scagaire seo, is fĂ©idir le praghsanna PLN 14 a bhaint amach).
Cuirimid leis gur chĂłir go mbeadh tiomĂĄnaĂ a bhfuil roinnt eolais aige ar mheicnic in ann na scagairĂ a athrĂș: breosla, cĂĄbĂĄin agus aer gan cabhair Ăł mheicneoir.
TĂ©acs agus grianghraf: Piotr Walchak